Zvakaburitswa · Ndau

Kunyora Kambani kuChina: Magwaro, Nhanho neNguva

Ruzivo rwakazara rwekuti vanhu vekunze vanogadzira kambani kuChina vanoda magwaro api, nhanho dzipi uye nguva yakadii. Ruzivo rwakajairika, kwete mazano emutemo kana emitero.

Kugadzira kambani kuChina chinhu chikuru kune vanhu vekunze vanoda kuita bhizinesi munyika iyi. Gwaro iri rinokupa ruzivo rwakajairika pamusoro pemagwaro anodiwa, nhanho dzekutevera uye nguva inogona kutorwa. Ziva kuti iri iRuzivo rwakajairika chete, kwete mazano emutemo kana emitero. Nguva dzose taura nenyanzvi yemutemo kana mukwende wezvemitero kuChina usati waita sarudzo.

Kutanga: Sarudzo dzaunofanira kuita usati watanga

Usati watanga kunyora magwaro, unofanira kusarudza rudzi rwekambani nevanhu vanenge vari varidzi. Vazhinji vekunze vanosarudza kambani ine mutemo wekuti vanhu vekunze vanogona kuva varidzi vayo, inonzi Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprise (WFOE). Kunewo mamwe marudzi akaita se joint venture nekambani yekumiririra, asi WFOE ndiyo inowanzoiswa pfungwa nevanhu vekunze vanoda kutonga bhizinesi ravo.

Unofanirawo kusarudza nzvimbo yekambani. Nzvimbo inokosha zvikuru nekuti inopesa mutemo wekambani, mutero, uye nzira yekunyoresa. Misha mikuru yakaita seShanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen neGuangzhou ine maitiro akasiyana. Sarudzo yenzvimbo inogona kukanganisa nguva uye zvinodiwa pakunyoresa.

Magwaro anodiwa

Magwaro anodiwa anogona kusiyana zvishoma zvichienderana nenzvimbo nerudzi rwekambani, asi kazhinji anosanganisira anotevera:

• Chirongwa chekambani (articles of association) chakanyorwa neChiChina kana chine dudziro.
• Pasipoti yemuridzi/muridzi vose uye humbowo hwekuti unogara kupi.
• Gwaro rekunyoresa kambani rinobva kunyika yako, rinowanzoda kuve rakapereterwa uye kuverengerwa (notarized/legalized) kana kuve neapostille, zvichienderana nezvibvumirano pakati penyika yako neChina.
• Zvirongwa zvebhizinesi zvinotsanangura zvauchaita.
• Humbowo hwenzvimbo yekushandira — chibvumirano chekurenda kana gwaro reimba.
• Mazita ekambani akasarudzwa — kazhinji unofanira kuendesa mazita akawanda nekuti anogona kurambwa.
• Ruzivo rwemukuru wekambani (legal representative) uye mamwe mahofisi ekambani.

Ziva kuti magwaro ekunze anowanzoda kushandurirwa kuChiChina nekambani inobvumirwa, uye kuverengerwa. Izvi zvinogona kutora nguva.

Nhanho dzekunyoresa kambani

1. Kutsvaga nekusarudza zita rekambani

Unofanira kuendesa mazita akawanda kunhengo inoona nezvemusika (market supervision administration) munzvimbo yauri kuda kunyoresa. Zita rinofanira kutevedzera mitemo yezita uye risavepo kare. Nguva yekubvumidzwa kwazita inogona kutora mazuva mashoma kusvika mavhiki mashoma.

2. Kugadzira magwaro ekambani

Pashure pekubvumidzwa kwezita, unogadzira chirongwa chekambani nemamwe magwaro anodiwa. Aya anofanira kunyorwa nenzira inotevedzera mutemo weChina. Apa ndipo panokosha kubatsirwa nenyanzvi yemutemo kuti magwaro asave nemhosva.

3. Kunyoresa kambani

Unounza magwaro ose kunhengo yekunyoresa. Kana magwaro akakwana, unogashira gwaro rekunyoresa kambani (business license). Iri igwaro rinokosha rinoratidza kuti kambani yavepo zviri pamutemo.

4. Kugadzira chitambi chekambani

MuChina, zvitambi zvekambani zvinokosha pakuita mabhizinesi. Unofanira kugadzira chitambi chikuru chekambani, chitambi chemari, nezvimwe zvinoenderana nemhando yebhizinesi rako. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa panhengo inoona nezvemutemo wekuchengetedza.

5. Kunyoresa mutero

Unofanira kuenda kunhengo yemitero kuti unyorese kambani yako uye ugamuchire ruzivo rwemitero. Apa unozivawo kuti unofanira kubhadhara mitero ipi uye sei.

6. Kuvhura akaunti yebhangi

Kambani inoda akaunti yebhangi yebhizinesi. Unofanira kuenda kubhangi nemagwaro ekambani. Mabhangi anogona kuda ruzivo rwakawanda uye nguva inogona kutora mavhiki.

7. Kunyoresa kune mamwe masangano

Zvichienderana nebhizinesi rako, unogona kuda kunyoresa kune mamwe masangano akaita se customs, immigration, kana masangano ezvehutano. Semuenzaniso, kana uchida kutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika, unoda kunyoresa kune customs.

Nguva inogona kutorwa

Nguva yekunyora kambani kuChina inogona kusiyana zvakanyanya. Kazhinji, kubva pakutanga kusvika pakuwana business license kunogona kutora mavhiki masere kusvika mavhiki gumi nemaviri, asi nguva iyi inogona kuva refu kana pfupi zvichienderana nezvakawanda zvinhu:

• Kuperetera nekuverengerwa kwemagwaro ekunze kunogona kutora nguva.
• Kubvumidzwa kwezita kunogona kutorera nguva.
• Kuwana nzvimbo yekushandira uye gwaro rayo.
• Kunyoresa kubhangi kunogona kutora mavhiki.
• Kusiyana kwemaitiro enzvimbo dzakasiyana.

Ziva kuti hapana munhu anogona kuvimbisa nguva chaiyo. Zvinhu zvinogona kufamba zvishoma kana kumira nekuda kwezvido zvehurumende kana kukanganiswa kwemagwaro.

Mhinduro dzinowanzoitwa

Ndinoda kuva muChina nguva yose here?

Kwete nguva dzose. Vanhu vekunze vanogona kunyoresa kambani vasingagare muChina, asi vanoda mumiriri anogona kuita mamwe mabasa. Zvisinei, kune mabasa akati wandei anoda munhu aripo. Taura nenyanzvi kuti unzwe zvinodiwa.

Ndinogona kunyoresa kambani ndega here?

WFOE inobvumira muridzi mumwechete kana vanopfuura. Zvisinei, pane mitemo inotaura kuti vanhu vekunze vanogona kuva varidzi vemabhizinesi api. Mamwe mabhizinesi anorambidzwa kana kuda mvumo yakakosha.

Mari inodiwa yakawanda sei?

Mari inodiwa inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwekambani nenzvimbo. Iyi mari inofanira kuvepo panguva yekunyoresa kana nguva shoma yapashure. Taura nenyanzvi kana mukwende wemitero kuti unzwe zvinodiwa zvakajeka.

Mhedziso

Kunyora kambani kuChina kunoda kurongeka uye kuva nechivimbo nemagwaro. Ita shiri kuti unzwe zvinodiwa zvenzvimbo yauri kuda kunyoresa, gadzira magwaro ako nemazvo, uye shandisa nyanzvi dzinobatsira. Ruzivo urwu ndirwo rwakajairika chete, uye hausi mazano emutemo kana emitero. Nguva dzose taura nenyanzvi yemutemo kana mukwende wezvemitero kuChina usati waita sarudzo.